Poisson problem#
Consider the Poisson equation
This is a second-order elliptic equation, and therefore requires 2 boundary conditions.
There is no time-dependence in this equation. The potential \(\phi\) responds instantaneously to the source \(f\) and the boundary conditions.
Consider the one-dimensional Poisson equation:
on the domain \([a, b]\).
At each boundary. we can specify the boundary conditions as
Dirichlet: \(\phi(a) = A\)
Neumann: \(\phi^\prime(a) = C\)
Robin: \(\alpha \phi(a) + \beta \phi^\prime(a) = \gamma\) (a mix of the above two)
periodic
We can also have different boundary conditions on each boundary. If the values are set to 0, we call the conditions homogeneous, otherwise we call them inhomogeneous.
Note
Not any set of boundary conditions is allowed. Consider \(f = 0\), so our Poisson equation (is the Laplace equation):
and the solution is just
if we try to enforce different inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions on each end, then we get conflicting values for the slope—this is unsolvable.
To understand solvable boundary conditions for the general case,
we start by integrating over the domain
If we have homogeneous Neumann BCs on all sides, \(\nabla \phi \cdot {\bf n} = 0\), then the source, \(f\), must satisfy
The same condition will apply, if the boundary conditions are periodic.